Built-in Functions

Complete reference for all built-in functions.

Output Functions

String Functions

Examples

my str $s = "  Hello World  ";
say(strlen($s));           # 15
say(trim($s));             # "Hello World"
say(substr($s, 2, 5));    # "Hello"
say(uc($s));               # "  HELLO WORLD  "
say(index($s, "World"));  # 8

my array @parts = split(" ", trim($s));
say(join("-", @parts));   # "Hello-World"

Array Functions

Array Memory Management

my array @data[1000];  # Pre-allocate for 1000 elements
for (my int $i = 0; $i < 1000; $i++) {
    push(@data, $i);  # No reallocation needed
}

Hash Functions

my hash %cache[500];  # Pre-allocate for ~500 entries

# Or set default for all new hashes:
sys::hash_default_capacity(1000);

Type Functions

File I/O Functions

Math Functions (math::)

System Functions (sys::)

Process Control

Environment

File System

Time

Networking

SSL/TLS (ssl::)

Secure socket connections via OpenSSL. Build with: cd lib/ssl && make

SSL Example

my int $conn = ssl::connect("example.com", 443);
ssl::write($conn, "GET / HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: example.com\r\n\r\n");
my str $response = ssl::read($conn, 4096);
ssl::close($conn);

# Or use the convenience function:
my str $page = ssl::http_get("example.com", 443, "/");

Signals

Dynamic Loading (FFI)

FFI Example

# Load a Strada shared library
my int $lib = sys::dl_open("./mylib.so");
my int $fn = sys::dl_sym($lib, "my_function");
my scalar $result = sys::dl_call_sv($fn, [$arg1, $arg2]);

import_lib

For cleaner library imports, use import_lib:

use lib "lib";
import_lib "JSON";

# Functions are now available with namespace syntax:
my str $json = JSON::encode(\%data);
my hash %data = JSON::decode($json);

Shared Library Compilation

Compile Strada programs as shared libraries:

./strada --shared mylib.strada   # Creates mylib.so

C Interop (__C__ Blocks)

Embed raw C code directly in Strada programs using __C__ blocks:

Top-Level Blocks

For includes, globals, and C helper functions:

__C__ {
    #include <math.h>
    #include <openssl/ssl.h>

    static SSL_CTX *g_ctx = NULL;

    static int helper(int a, int b) {
        return a + b;
    }
}

Statement-Level Blocks

Inline C code inside functions with access to Strada variables:

func my_sqrt(num $x) num {
    __C__ {
        double val = strada_to_num(x);
        return strada_new_num(sqrt(val));
    }
}

Key C Functions

Opaque Handle Pattern

Store C pointers in Strada int variables (64-bit):

func open_connection(str $host) int {
    __C__ {
        char *h = strada_to_str(host);
        SSL *conn = connect_ssl(h);
        free(h);
        // Store pointer as int
        return strada_new_int((int64_t)(intptr_t)conn);
    }
}

func close_connection(int $handle) void {
    __C__ {
        // Retrieve pointer from int
        SSL *conn = (SSL*)(intptr_t)strada_to_int(handle);
        SSL_free(conn);
        return &strada_undef;
    }
}

JSON Functions

Miscellaneous

Compiler Flags

The Strada compiler (stradac) and wrapper (strada) support these flags:

Examples

# Compile and run
./strada -r program.strada

# Compile with debugging
./strada -g program.strada

# Compile with profiling
./strada -p program.strada
./program  # Prints profiling report on exit

# Check for warnings
./strada -w program.strada

# Create shared library
./strada --shared mylib.strada  # Creates mylib.so